Contributions of protective and risk factors to literacy and socioemotional competency in former head start children attending kindergarten     

Gene H. Brody  Zolinda Stoneman  J. Kelly McCoy 《Early childhood research quarterly》1994,9(3-4)

We empirically evaluated the associations of hypothesized protective and risk factors with assessments of social, literacy, and cognitive competence in a sample of Head Start graduates attending kindergarten in rural Georgia. The sample included 117 former Head Start children and their primary caregivers, who were assessed during the fall of the children's kindergarten year. The participating families—59% African American, 39% white, and 1 % Latin American—lived in four rural counties in northeast Georgia. Data were obtained from caregivers, teachers, and children, using a multimethod, multi-informant research design. Caregivers provided information about developmental goals, family processes, and their own psychological functioning; and the children and their kindergarten teachers provided socioemotional, literacy, and cognitive-competence information. The results support the hypothesized relations between the child-competence measures and protective factors, especially caregiver self-esteem, endorsement of independence-promoting developmental goals, co-caregiver support and communication, and engaged, responsive, and cognitively challenging caregiver-child interactions. The results also support the hypothesis that caregiver distress and conflicted family relationships are associated with negative developmental outcomes for former Head Start children attending kindergarten.  相似文献   

Associations of Maternal and Paternal Direct and Differential Behavior with Sibling Relationships: Contemporaneous and Longitudinal Analyses     

Gene H. Brody  Zolinda Stoneman  J. Kelly McCoy 《Child development》1992,63(1):82-92

In this study we examined associations of 4 paternal direct and differential behaviors with concurrent and longitudinal assessments of sibling relationships, as well as the unique contributions of mothers' and fathers' behavior to the sibling relationship variables. Observational assessments of maternal and paternal direct and differential behavior, as well as observational and self-report assessments of sibling relationship quality, were obtained. Only one difference emerged between rates of maternal and paternal behavior toward the children; however, paternal behavior accounted for unique variance in sibling relationship quality more often than did maternal behavior. The results are discussed in terms of relative parental availability.  相似文献   

Perceived Discrimination Among African American Adolescents and Allostatic Load: A Longitudinal Analysis With Buffering Effects     

Gene H. Brody  Man‐Kit Lei  David H. Chae  Tianyi Yu  Steven M. Kogan  Steven R. H. Beach 《Child development》2014,85(3):989-1002

This study was designed to examine the prospective relations of perceived racial discrimination with allostatic load (AL), along with a possible buffer of the association. A sample of 331 African Americans in the rural South provided assessments of perceived discrimination from ages 16 to 18 years. When youth were 18 years, caregivers reported parental emotional support and youth assessed peer emotional support. AL and potential confounder variables were assessed when youth were 20. Latent growth mixture modeling identified two perceived discrimination classes: high and stable, and low and increasing. Adolescents in the high and stable class evinced heightened AL even with confounder variables controlled. The racial discrimination to AL link was not significant for young adults who received high emotional support.  相似文献   

Why We Watch,Why We Play: The Relationship Between Fantasy Sport and Fanship Motivations     

Andrew C. Billings  Brody J. Ruihley 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(1):5-25

This study compares the tendencies and motivations of the traditional sport fan (who consumes sport to see if his or her favorite teams/players are victorious) and the relatively newer fantasy sport fan (who consumes with the added variable of wanting to see certain players do well in order to secure personal fantasy team victories). A total of 1,261 traditional and fantasy sport consumers were surveyed, with results indicating that fantasy sport users had elevated levels of enjoyment, entertainment, passing time, social interaction, and surveillance motivations when compared to traditional fans. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of arousal, whereas traditional fans scored higher regarding escape motivations. In addition, all motivation behaviors increased significantly based on the amount of fantasy sport involvement, leading to the conclusion that fantasy sport participants have many of the same fanship motivations as traditional nonplaying fans, albeit at higher and often significantly higher levels. Theoretical and applied conclusions are extrapolated as well.  相似文献   

Effects of Residential Instability on Head Start Children and Their Relationships with Older Siblings: Influences of Child Emotionality and Conflict between Family Caregivers     

Zolinda Stoneman  Gene H. Brody  Susan L. Churchill  & Laura L. Winn 《Child development》1999,70(5):1246-1262

This study examined the influence that residential dislocations have on child behavior problems, depression, peer competence, cognitive competence, and the quality of sibling relations in a sample of 70 Head Start children, aged 32 to 67 months, and their older brothers and sisters, aged 48 to 155 months. This was the first study to investigate the sibling relationship in the context of high residential mobility. Information on child characteristics was obtained from mothers and teachers. Sibling data (warmth/harmony and conflict) were obtained from coding videotaped interactions. Child emotionality was found to be an important moderator of the effects of residential mobility on young, poor children and their siblings; caregiver conflict was a less powerful moderator of these effects. Residential instability seemed to compromise the warmth/harmony of the sibling relationship. It was concluded that the effects of residential instability are complex and cannot be understood without considering child characteristics, such as temperament, and the family context in which the child lives.  相似文献   

Scite     

Stacy Brody 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2021,109(4):707

Scite. Scite Inc., 334 Leonard St., Brooklyn, NY 11211; https://scite.ai/; tiered pricing model with free, basic ($7.99/month), premium ($19.99/month or $100/year), premium+ ($59.99/month), and enterprise plans.

Scite (https://scite.ai/) was founded by Josh Nicholson and Yuri Lazebnik and previously funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) [1, 2, 3]. The Scite database contains over 800 million citation statements [4] tagged by a machine learning algorithm as supporting, mentioning, or contrasting the findings of cited articles [5] and by their locations in the citing articles (introduction, results, methods, discussion, or other). Scite also provides a count of editorial notices for each article. Users can search the website and install plug-ins for browsers Chrome and Firefox and reference management tools such as Zotero. Additional tools include reports and dashboards, badges, and automated reference checks. Scite can be used by researchers to locate evidence and evaluate references; librarians to enhance research impact projects; publishers and editors to check reference lists of submissions [6, 7]; and journals, publishers, and databases to create context and showcase impact [4, 8, 9].  相似文献   

Bystander Intervention in Cyberbullying     

Nicholas Brody  Anita L. Vangelisti 《Communication monographs》2016,83(1):94-119

Cyberbullying incidents often occur in the presence of other bystanders. The inaction of bystanders can augment the deleterious effects of bullying on a victim. However, bystanders can intervene to stop a cyberbullying incident or offer support to the victim. Two studies were conducted to examine variables that were expected to influence the propensity of a bystander to take action in cyberbullying incidents: the number of bystanders, the anonymity of the bystander, and the closeness between the bystander and the victim. Results supported the diffusion of responsibility effect. A higher number of bystanders was negatively associated with bystander intervention. Moreover, the perceived anonymity of bystanders was negatively related to the propensity to intervene, and closeness with the victim was associated with a greater tendency to intervene and support the victim. Altogether, the results shed light on the interplay of context, relationships, and technology in the behavior of bystanders to a cyberbullying episode.  相似文献   

A Review of “Roots and Research in Urban School Gardens”     

Kimberly Yates  Michael Brody 《The Journal of environmental education》2013,44(2):132-134

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A Family Focused Intervention Influences Hippocampal-Prefrontal Connectivity Through Gains in Self-Regulation     

Jamie L. Hanson  Alysha D. Gillmore  Tianyi Yu  Christopher J. Holmes  Emily S. Hallowell  Allen W. Barton  Steven R.H. Beach  Adrianna Galván  James MacKillop  Michael Windle  Edith Chen  Gregory E. Miller  Lawrence H. Sweet  Gene H. Brody 《Child development》2019,90(4):1389-1401

The stressors associated with poverty increase the risks for externalizing psychopathology; however, specific patterns of neurobiology and higher self-regulation may buffer against these effects. This study leveraged a randomized control trial, aimed at increasing self-regulation at ~11 years of age. As adults, these same individuals completed functional MRI scanning (M_age = 24.88 years; intervention n = 44; control n = 49). Functional connectivity between the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex was examined in relation to the intervention, gains in self-regulation, and present-day externalizing symptoms. Increased connectivity between these brain areas was noted in the intervention group compared to controls. Furthermore, individual gains in self-regulation, instilled by the intervention, statistically explained this brain difference. These results begin to connect neurobiological and psychosocial markers of risk and resiliency.  相似文献   

Intellectual Ability,Social Desirability,and Differential Teacher Effectiveness     

Erness B. Brody 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(1):13-15

This study investigated the relationship between intellectual ability and differential teacher effectiveness. The relationship between intellectual ability and student ratings of student teachers was considered separately for different types of students. In addition, the Marlowe-Crowne Measure of Social Desirability was used as a moderator variable. The principal findings were: (1) student teachers who were low on intellectual ability measures were rated more favorably by their non-college-bound than by their college-bound students provided they were low on the Marlowe-Crowne and (2) student teachers who were low in intellectual ability and high on the Marlowe-Crowne were rated more favorably by their college-bound than by their non-college-bound students.  相似文献